The influence of renewable and non-renewable energy on carbon emissions in Pakistan: evidence from stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology model

Like other developing countries, Pakistan faces one of the most serious challenges how to mitigate carbon emissions while achieving sustainable development. Although, it is widely accepted that rising trend and resulting negative effects climate change on human activities have emerged as major issues in recent years, environmental effectiveness needed clean environment promote sustainability often overlooked. Using PLSM 2018–2019 survey, this study attempts examine household sector’s renewable non-renewable energy usage magnitude, share Pakistan. Furthermore, examines impact income, size, biomass, energy, using STIRPAT model. It obvious from empirical findings coefficient income positive, whereas square statistically significant, which indicates sector increase at lower levels, decreasing increases. The size shows population has a positive emissions. non-renewable, particularly appealing, consumes more biomass stimulates rise. In rural sector, but insignificant emissions, showing greater reliance consumption. Lastly, suggested reducing use increasing green could be policy option for making sustainable.